QAM (quad-amplitude modulation?) is a signaling spec defined by the US cable industry. A QAM signal is is the "digital cable signal" that you get with "digital cable service" from a US cable company - QAM is input to the cable co's set top box, and the set top box tunes to a channel and outputs the channel in various formats for connection to your TV (typically one or more of RF, composite, S-Video, component, and HDMI).
The US satellite companies do NOT use QAM. Both Dish and DirectTV use their own proprietary signaling spec's, and these spec's are not QAM. The satellites transmit their proprietary signals, which are received by the dish on your house and come through the cable to the satellite co's set top box. The set top box tunes to a channel and outputs the channel in various formats for connection to your TV (see output formats above).
Since the cable co's QAM signal is on a spec, you can buy QAM tuners which tune the signal just like a set top box does. (But you will only get the few unencrypted channels, unless you have a CableCard-equipped QAM tuner so you can decrypt the majority of the channels which are encrypted).
The satellite co's signal uses a proprietary format, and only the satellite co's set top boxes can tune it.
--Don